A square is a geometric shape with four equal sides and four right angles.

A square’s area (A) is calculated by squaring the length of one side (s). The formula is given by \$A = s^2\$

A square’s perimeter is the sum of the lengths of all four sides. For a square, the perimeter can be calculated as P = 4s, where s represents the length of a side.

The diagonal of a square is the line segment connecting two non-adjacent vertices. The formula to calculate the diagonal (d) of a square with side length (s) is \$d = s\sqrt2\$.

A rectangle is a four-sided polygon characterized by opposite sides equal in length and four right angles.

The area (A) of a rectangle is calculated by multiplying the length (l) by the width (w) : A = \$l \times w\$.

A rectangle’s perimeter (P) is found by adding the lengths of all four sides. The formula is given by P = \$2(l + b)\$.

The diagonal of a rectangle is the line segment that joins any two opposite corners. To find the length of the diagonal using the Pythagorean theorem, where l and w are the length and width of the rectangle, respectively: d = \$\sqrt(l^2 + w^2)\$.

A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices.

To calculate a triangle’s perimeter, add its side lengths: P = a + b + c, where a,b, and c are the side lengths.

The area of a triangle can be calculated using various formulas, including Heron’s formula. Heron’s formula is particularly useful when you know the lengths of all three sides. s = \$(a + b + c)/2\$ where s is the semi-perimeter then
A = \$\sqrt(s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c))\$.

Alternatively, for the base (b) and height (h) are known: A = \$1/2 times b\times h\$