While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Allan Houser was a Chiricahua Warm Springs Apache sculptor, illustrator, and painter. Many of his sculptures featured Native American figures. He depicted this subject matter using abstract, modernist forms, developing a distinctive style that influenced many other artists. His well-known sculpture Sacred Rain Arrow was pictured on the State of Oklahoma license plate. The student wants to describe the distinctive style of Houser’s sculptures.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) A sculptor, illustrator, and painter, Houser developed a distinctive style for portraying Native American figures.

B) Many other artists have been influenced by the style of Houser’s sculptures.

C) The sculpture Sacred Rain Arrow is a well-known example of Houser’s style.

D) Houser’s sculptures employ abstract, modernist forms to depict Native American figures.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Jordan Bennett is a Mi’Kmaq visual artist. The Mi’Kmaq are a First Nations people in North America. Bennett’s paintings pay homage to traditional Mi’Kmaq craftsmanship and have been displayed in over 75 exhibitions. His 2017 exhibition Wije’wi was held at the Grenfell Art Gallery. His 2018 exhibition Ketu’elmita’jik was held at the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. The student wants to emphasize the order in which two of Jordan Bennett’s exhibitions were held.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A)Jordan Bennett’s paintings, some of which appeared in 2017 and 2018 exhibitions, pay homage to traditional Mi’Kmaq craftsmanship.

B) Jordan Bennett’s 2017 exhibition Wije’wi was followed a year later by his exhibition Ketu’elmita’jik.

C) Mi’Kmaq visual artist Jordan Bennett has displayed his work in over 75 exhibitions, including Wije’wi and Ketu’elmita’jik.

D) Jordan Bennett’s 2018 exhibition Ketu’elmita’jik was held at the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia; another was held at the Grenfell Art Gallery.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Soo Sunny Park is a Korean American artist who uses light as her primary medium of expression. She created her work Unwoven Light in 2013. Unwoven Light featured a chain-link fence fitted with iridescent plexiglass tiles. When light passed through the fence, colorful prisms formed. The student wants to describe Unwoven Light to an audience unfamiliar with Soo Sunny Park.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Park’s 2013 installation Unwoven Light, which included a chain-link fence and iridescent tiles made from plexiglass,featured light as its primary medium of expression.

B) In Unwoven Light, a 2013 work by Korean American artist Soo Sunny Park, light formed colorful prisms as it passed through a fence Park had fitted with iridescent tiles.

C) Korean American light artist Soo Sunny Park created Unwoven Light in 2013.

D) The chain-link fence in Soo Sunny Park’s Unwoven Light was fitted with tiles made from iridescent plexiglass.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Some US reformers sought to improve society in the 1800s by building utopias. A utopia is a community intended to represent a perfect society based on a specific set of principles. One such community was Brook Farm near Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1841 by writer George Ripley. Ripley wrote in a letter that his goal for Brook Farm was “to guarantee the highest mental freedom, by providing all with labor, adapted to their tastes and talents, and securing to them the fruits of their industry.” The student wants to explain the goal of Brook Farm using a quotation from George Ripley.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) In a letter, writer George Ripley explained his goal to “guarantee the highest mental freedom.”

B) Utopias, such as Brook Farm, founded by George Ripley in 1841, were based on a specific set of principles intended to create a perfect society.

C) Established in 1841, Brook Farm was a utopian community created to “guarantee the highest mental freedom, by providing all with labor…​ [and] the fruits of their industry,” according to founder George Ripley.

D) Founded by George Ripley near Boston, Massachusetts, Brook Farm was part of a trend in the 1800s, when reformers in the United States built utopias.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Gaspar Enriquez is an artist. He specializes in portraits of Mexican Americans. A portrait is an artistic representation of a person. Enriquez completed a painting of the sculptor Luis Jimenez in 2003. He completed a drawing of the writer Rudolfo Anaya in 2016. The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two portraits.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) While both are by Enriquez, the 2003 portrait of Luis Jimenez is a painting, and the 2016 portrait of Rudolfo Anaya is a drawing.

B)The portraits, or artistic representations, of Luis Jimenez and Rudolfo Anaya were both completed by Enriquez in the early 2000s.

C) Enriquez has completed portraits of numerous Mexican Americans, including sculptor Luis Jimenez and writer Rudolfo Anaya.

D) Luis Jimenez was a Mexican American sculptor, and Rudolfo Anaya was a Mexican American writer.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: A marathon is a long-distance running race that is 26.2 miles long. An ultramarathon is a long-distance running race of more than 26.2 miles. The Kepler Challenge is a one-day, 37.3-mile ultramarathon in New Zealand. The Spreelauf is a six-day, 261-mile ultramarathon in Germany. The student wants to make a generalization about ultramarathons.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Examples of ultramarathons include the 37.3-mile Kepler Challenge in New Zealand and the 261-mile Spreelauf in Germany.

B) A marathon is 26.2 miles long, but the Spreelauf ultramarathon, at 261 miles, is far longer.

C) Ultramarathons range widely in length, from a few dozen miles to a few hundred.

D) While the Kepler Challenge is a one-day ultramarathon, the Spreelauf is a six-day ultramarathon.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Planetary scientists classify asteroids based on their composition. C-type asteroids are composed primarily of carbon. They account for roughly 75 percent of known asteroids. S-type asteroids are primarily made up of silicate minerals. They account for roughly 17 percent of known asteroids. The student wants to emphasize a difference between C-type and S-type asteroids.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) C-type asteroids are mainly composed of carbon, whereas S-type asteroids are primarily made up of silicate minerals.

B) Planetary scientists classify asteroids into types, two of which are the C-type and the S-type.

C) Planetary scientists consider an asteroid’s composition (such as whether the asteroid is composed mainly of silicate minerals or carbon) when classifying it.

D) Roughly 17 percent of known asteroids are classified as S-type asteroids; another percentage is classified as C-type asteroids.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Pinnipeds, which include seals, sea lions, and walruses, live in and around water. Pinnipeds are descended not from sea animals but from four-legged, land-dwelling carnivores. Canadian paleobiologist Natalia Rybczynski recently found a fossil with four legs, webbed toes, and the skull and teeth of a seal.Rybczynski refers to her rare find as a “transitional fossil.” The fossil illustrates an early stage in the evolution of pinnipeds from their land-dwelling ancestors. The student wants to emphasize the fossil’s significance.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Canadian paleobiologist Natalia Rybczynski’s fossil has the skull and teeth of a seal, which, like sea lions and walruses, is a pinniped.

B) Pinnipeds are descended from four-legged, land-dwelling carnivores; a fossil that resembles both was recently found.

C) A “transitional fossil” was recently found by paleobiologist Natalia Rybczynski.

D) Having four legs but the skull and teeth of a seal, the rare fossil illustrates an early stage in the evolution of pinnipeds from their land-dwelling ancestors.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: In the art world, the term biennial traditionally refers to an art exhibition that takes place every two years in a single location. Such biennials are held in New York, Berlin, and Venice. In 2006, artists Ed Gomez and Luis Hernandez founded the unconventional MexiCali Biennial. The MexiCali Biennial hosts exhibitions in different venues on both sides of the US-Mexico border. The MexiCali Biennial has taken place on an uneven schedule, with exhibitions in 2006, 2009–10, 2013, and 2018– 20. The student wants to emphasize a difference between the MexiCali Biennial and traditional biennials.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) In 2006, artists Ed Gomez and Luis Hernandez founded the MexiCali Biennial, which has taken place in 2006, 2009–10, 2013, and 2018–20.

B) Unlike traditional biennials, the MexiCali Biennial hosts exhibitions in different venues on an uneven schedule.

C) The term biennial traditionally refers to an art exhibition that takes place every two years in a single location, not to exhibitions hosted at a variety of times and venues.

D) Biennial exhibitions have been held in New York, Berlin, and Venice but also on both sides of the US-Mexico border.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Gravitational waves are powerful ripples that originate in deep space and eventually pass through Earth. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a physics study that began in 2002. LIGO’s goal is to detect and analyze gravitational waves. LIGO uses a pair of massive gravitational wave detectors called interferometers that are thousands of miles apart. In 2015, for the first time in history, LIGO researchers detected a gravitational wave passing through Earth. The student wants to present LIGO’s aim and methodology.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) In 2015, LIGO’s massive interferometers detected a powerful ripple that originated in deep space and eventually passed through Earth.

B) To achieve its aims, LIGO uses a pair of massive interferometers that are thousands of miles apart.

C) A physics study designed to detect and analyze gravitational waves, LIGO uses a pair of massive interferometers that are thousands of miles apart.

D) Though the physics study LIGO began in 2002, its massive interferometers didn’t detect a gravitational wave until 2015.