Scientists previously thought that all electric eels belong to a single species, but a team of researchers led by zoologist C.David de Santana proved this idea wrong by____that there are in fact three distinct species of electric eels.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) pretending

B) complaining

C) requiring

D) demonstrating

In recommending Bao Phi’s collection Sông I Sing, a librarian noted that pieces by the spoken-word poet don’t lose their____nature when printed: the language has the same pleasant musical quality on the page as it does when performed by Phi.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) scholarly

B) melodic

C) jarring

D) personal

Cucurbits, a group of plants that includes squash and melons, relied on mastodons to spread their seeds in the Ice Age. When these animals died out, cucurbits faced extinction in turn, having lost their means of seed dispersal. Around this time, however, the ancestors of Indigenous peoples in North America began raising cucurbits as crops, thus____the plants’ survival.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) verifying

B) multiplying

C) comforting

D) ensuring

The spacecraft OSIRIS-REx briefly made contact with the asteroid 101955 Bennu in 2020. NASA scientist Daniella DellaGiustina reports that despite facing the unexpected obstacle of a surface mostly covered in boulders, OSIRIS-REx successfully____a sample of the surface, gathering pieces of it to bring back to Earth.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) attached

B) collected

C) followed

D) replaced

As a young photographer in the 1950s, William Klein____the conventions of photography by creating images that were high contrast and included blurred and distorted elements—features generally seen as flaws. So unorthodox was Klein’s work that he had difficulty finding a publisher for his now-iconic 1956 photo book Life is Good & Good for You in New York.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) reviewed

B) defied

C) respected

D) prevented