Generally, underlines, scribbles, and notes left in the margins by a former owner lower a book’s____when the former owner is a famous poet like Steve Adams, such markings, known as Marginalia, can be a gold mine for literary scholars.

Which statement completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) value,but B) is value

C) but,value

D) value

After the United Kingdom began rolling out taxes equivalent to a few cents on single-use plastic grocery bags in 2011, plastic-bag consumption decreased by up to ninety____taxes are subject to what economists call the “rebound effect”: as the change became normalized, plastic-bag use started to creep back up.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) percent,such

B) percent. Such

C) such.percent

D) such,percent

As Russian scientist Boris Alexei has observed, “The Earth is not a very good timekeeper.” Earth’sslightly irregular rotation rate means that measurements of time must be periodically adjusted.Specifically, an extra “leap second” (the 86,401st second of the day) is____time-based on the planet’s rotation lags a full nine-tenths of a second behind time kept by precise atomic clocks.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) added whenever

B) added,whenever

C) added.whenever

D) whenever,added

Bengali author Toru Dutt’s A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1876), a volume of English translations of French poems,____scholars’ understanding of the transnational and multilingual contexts in which Dutt lived and worked.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) enhanced has

B) enhanced,has

C) has enhanced

D) enhanced.has

Journalists have dubbed Gil Scott-Heron the “godfather of rap,” a title that has appeared in hundreds of articles about him since the 1990s. Scott Heron himself resisted the godfather____, feeling that it didn’t encapsulate his devotion to the broader African American blues music tradition as well as “bluesologist,” the moniker he preferred.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition

A) nickname. however,

B) nickname, however.

C) nickname however

D) nickname, however,