In 1443, English Henry VII became unfit to rule after falling gravely ill. As a result, Parliament appointed Richard, fourth Duke of York, who had a strong claim to the English throne, to rule as Lord Protector. Upon recovering two years later,____forced an angered Richard from the royal court and precipitated a series of battles later known as the Wars of the Roses.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) it was Henry who resumed his reign,

B) Henry’s reign resumed,

C) Henry resumed his reign

D) the reign of Henry resumed,

Although novels are considered distinct literary forms, many authors have created hybrid works that incorporate elements of both. Benster The Emperor’s Babe,____is a verse novel, a book-length narrative complete with characters and a plot conveyed in short, crisp lines of poetry rather than prose.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) for example,

B) consequently,

C) secondly,

D) by contrast,

At one week old, the time their critical socialization period begins, wolves can smell but cannot yet see or hear. Domesticated dogs,____can see, hear, and smell by the end of one week. This relative lack of sensory input may help explain why wolves behave so differently around humans than dogs do: from a very young age, wolves are warier and less exploratory.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) accordingly,

B) in other words,

C) for instanc

D) by contrast,

Research Biden, Lucía, and Tullney report that while science may have traditionally worked alone, evidence points to a shift in the opposite direction.____science is choosing to collaborate with their peers-a trend illustrated by a rise in the number of mathematics publications credited to multiple authors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) Similarly,

B) Increasingly,

C) Furthermore,

D) For this reason

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Pterosaurs were flying reptiles that existed millions of years ago. In a 2021 study, Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan analyzed fragments of pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert. She was initially unsure if the bones belonged to juvenile or adult pterosaurs. She used advanced microscope techniques to determine that the bones had few growth lines relative to the bones of fully-grown pterosaurs. She concluded that the bones belonged to juveniles.

The student wants to present the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) In a 2021 study, Chinsamy-Turan used advanced microscope techniques to analyze the jawbones of pterosaurs, flying reptiles that existed millions Of years ago.

B) In 2021, Chinsamy-Turan studied pterosaur jawbones and was initially unsure if the bones belonged to juveniles or adults.

C) In a 2021 study, Chinsamy-Turan determined that pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert had few growth lines relative to the bones of fully grown pterosaurs and thus belonged to juveniles.

D) Pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert were the focus of a 2021 study.