The following text is from Lucy Maud Montgomery’s 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables.

Anne, an eleven-year-old girl, has come to live on a farm with a woman named Marilla in Nova Scotia, Canada. Anne reveled in the world of color about her. “Oh, Marilla,” she exclaimed one Saturday morning, coming dancing in with her arms full of gorgeous boughs, “I’m so glad I live in a world where there are Octobers. It would be terrible if we just skipped from September to November, wouldn’t it? Look at these maple branches. Don’t they give you a thrill—several thrills? I’m going to decorate my room with them.” “Messy things,” said Marilla, whose aesthetic sense was not noticeably developed. “You clutter up your room entirely too much with out-of-doors stuff, Anne. Bedrooms were made to sleep in.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) To show that Anne and Marilla have very different personalities.

B) To demonstrate that Anne has a newly developed appreciation of nature.

C) To describe an argument that Anne and Marilla often have.

D) To emphasize Marilla’s disapproval of how Anne has decorated her room.

Works of moral philosophy, such as Plato’s Republic or Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, are partly concerned with how to live a morally good life. But philosopher Jonathan Barnes argues that works that present a method of living such a life without also supplying a motive are inherently useful only to those already wishing to be morally good—those with no desire for moral goodness will not choose to follow their rules. However, some works of moral philosophy attempt to describe what constitutes a morally good life while also proposing reasons for living one.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

A) It mentions two renowned works and then claims that despite their popularity it is impossible for these works to serve the purpose their authors intended.

B) It provides a characterization about a field of thought by noting two works in it and then details a way in which some works in that field are more comprehensive than others.

C) It summarizes the history of a field of thought by discussing two works and then proposes a topic of further research for specialists in that field.

D) It describes two influential works and then explains why one is more widely read than the other.

A number of Indigenous politicians have been elected to the United States Congress since 2000 as members of the country’s two established political parties. In Canada and several Latin American countries, on the other hand, Indigenous people have formed their own political parties to advance candidates who will advocate for the interests of their communities. This movement has been particularly successful in Ecuador, where Guadalupe Llori, a member of the Indigenous party known as Pachakutik, was elected president of the National Assembly in 2021.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A)To trace the history of an Indigenous political movement and speculate about its future development.

B) To argue that Indigenous politicians in the United States should form their own political party.

C) To consider how Indigenous politicians in the United States have influenced Indigenous politicians in Canada and Latin America.

D) To highlight two approaches to achieving political representation for Indigenous people.

Early in the Great Migration of 1910–1970, which involved the mass migration of Black people from the southern to the northern United States, political activist and Chicago Defender writer Fannie Barrier Williams was instrumental in helping other Black women establish themselves in the North. Many women hoped for better employment opportunities in the North because, in the South, they faced much competition for domestic employment and men tended to get agricultural work. To aid with this transition, Barrier Williams helped secure job placement in the North for many women before they even began their journey.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A)To establish that Barrier Williams used her professional connections to arrange employment for other Black women, including jobs with the Chicago Defender.

B) To demonstrate that the factors that motivated the start of the Great Migration were different for Black women than they were for Black men.

C) To introduce and illustrate Barrier Williams’s integral role in supporting other Black women as their circumstances changed during part of the Great Migration.

D) To provide an overview of the employment challenges faced by Black women in the agricultural and domestic spheres in the southern United States.

For his 1986 album Keyboard Fantasies, Beverly Glenn-Copeland wrote songs grounded in traditional soul and folk music, then accompanied them with futuristic synthesizer arrangements featuring ambient sounds and complex rhythms. The result was so strange, so unprecedented, that the album attracted little attention when first released. In recent years, however, a younger generation of musicians has embraced the stylistic experimentation of Keyboard Fantasies. Alternative R&B musicians Blood Orange and Moses Sumney, among other contemporary recording artists, cite the album as an influence.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

A) It urges contemporary musicians to adopt the unique sound of Keyboard Fantasies.

B) It responds to criticism of Keyboard Fantasies by some younger musicians.

C) To establish that Barrier Williams used her professional connections to arrange employment for other Black women,including jobs with the Chicago Defender.

D) It contrasts Keyboard Fantasies with the recordings of two younger musicians.

The following text is adapted from Etsu Inagaki Sugimoto’s 1925 memoir A Daughter of the Samurai. As a young woman, Sugimoto moved from feudal Japan to the United States.

The standards of my own and my adopted country differed so widely in some ways, and my love for both lands was so sincere, that sometimes I had an odd feeling of standing upon a cloud in space, and gazing with measuring eyes upon two separate worlds. At first I was continually trying to explain, by Japanese standards, all the queer things that came every day before my surprised eyes; for no one seemed to know the origin or significance of even the most familiar customs, nor why they existed and were followed.

Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

A) To establish the narrator’s hope of forming connections with new companions by sharing customs she learned as a child.

B) To reveal the narrator’s recognition that she is hesitant to ask questions about certain aspects of a culture she is newly encountering.

C) To convey the narrator’s experience of observing and making sense of differences between two cultures she embraces.

D) To emphasize the narrator’s wonder at discovering that the physical distance between two countries is greater than she had expected.

By combining Indigenous and classical music, Cree composer and cellist Cris Derksen creates works that reflect the diverse cultural landscape of Canada. For her album Orchestral Powwow, Derksen composed new songs in the style of traditional powwow music that were accompanied by classical arrangements played by an orchestra. But where an orchestra would normally follow the directions of a conductor, the musicians on Orchestral Powwow are led by the beat of a powwow drum.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A)To argue that Derksen should be recognized for creating a new style of music.

B) To describe the difficulties Derksen encountered when producing her album.

C) To establish a contrast between Derksen’s classical training and her Cree heritage.

D) To examine how Derksen’s musical compositions blend cultures.

In 1973, poet Miguel Algarín started inviting other writers who, like him, were Nuyorican—a term for New Yorkers of Puerto Rican heritage—to gather in his apartment to present their work. The gatherings were so well attended that Algarín soon had to rent space in a cafe to accommodate them. Thus, the Nuyorican Poets Cafe was born. Moving to a permanent location in 1981, the Nuyorican Poets Cafe expanded its original scope beyond the written word, hosting art exhibitions and musical performances as well. Half a century since its inception, it continues to foster emerging Nuyorican talent.

Which choice best describes the overall purpose of the text?

A) To explain what motivated Algarín to found the Nuyorican Poets Cafe.

B) To situate the Nuyorican Poets Cafe within the cultural life of New York as a whole.

C) To provide an overview of the founding and mission of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe.

D) To discuss why the Nuyorican Poets Cafe expanded its scope to include art and music.

The following text is from Herman Melville’s 1854 novel The Lightning-rod Man. The stranger still stood in the exact middle of the cottage, where he had first planted himself. His singularity impelled a closer scrutiny. A lean, gloomy figure. Hair dark and lank, mattedly streaked over his brow. His sunken pitfalls of eyes were ringed by indigo halos, and played with an innocuous sort of lightning: the gleam without the bolt. The whole man was dripping. He stood in a puddle on the bare oak floor: his strange walking-stick vertically resting at his side.

Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence in the overall structure of the text?

A) It elaborates on the previous sentence’s description of the character.

B) It introduces the setting that is described in the sentences that follow.

C) It sets up the character description presented in the sentences that follow.

D) It establishes a contrast with the description in the previous sentence.

“How lifelike are they?” Many computer animators prioritize this question as they strive to create ever more realistic environments and lighting. Generally, while characters in computer-animated films appear highly exaggerated, environments and lighting are carefully engineered to mimic reality. But some animators, such as Pixar’s Sanjay Patel, are focused on a different question. Rather than asking first whether the environments and lighting they’re creating are convincingly lifelike, Patel and others are asking whether these elements reflect their films’ unique stories.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined question in the text as a whole?

A)It reflects a primary goal that many computer animators have for certain components of the animations they produce.

B) It represents a concern of computer animators who are more interested in creating unique backgrounds and lighting effects than realistic ones.

C) It conveys the uncertainty among many computer animators about how to create realistic animations using current technology.

D) It illustrates a reaction that audiences typically have to the appearance of characters created by computer animators.