New and interesting research conducted by Suleiman A. Al-Sweedan and Moath Alhaj is inspired by their observation that though there have been many studies of the effect of high altitude on blood chemistry, there is a____studies of the effect on blood chemistry of living in locations below sea level, such as the California towns of Salton City and Seeley.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) quarrel about

B) verisimilitude in

C) profusion of

D) paucity of

According to a US tax policy expert, state taxes are____other factors when considering an interstate move. Even significant differences in state taxation have almost no effect on most people’s decisions, while differences in employment opportunities, housing availability, and climate are strong influences. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Which choice best states the text’s main idea?

A) overshadowed by

B) representative of

C) consistent with

D) irrelevant to

Researcher Haesung Jung led a 2020 study showing that individual acts of kindness can____prosocial behavior across a larger group. Jung and her team found that bystanders who witness a helpful act become more likely to offer help to someone else, and in doing so, can inspire still others to act. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

What does the text most strongly suggest about Sleep No More’s use of its performance space?

A) require

B) remember

C) foster

D) discourage

Rejecting the premise that the literary magazine Ebony and Topaz (1927) should present a unified vision of Black American identity, editor Charles S. Johnson fostered his contributors’ diverse perspectives by promoting their authorial autonomy. Johnson’s self-effacement diverged from the editorial stances of W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke, whose decisions for their publications were more____.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) proficient

B) dogmatic

C) ambiguous

D) unpretentious

Economist Marco Castillo and colleagues showed that nuisance costs—the time and effort people must spend to make donations—reduce charitable giving. Charities can mitigate this effect by compensating donors for nuisance costs, but those costs, though variable, are largely____donation size, so charities that compensate donors will likely favor attracting a few large donors over many small donors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) supplemental to

B) predictive of

C) subsumed in

D) independent of

Given that the conditions in binary star systems should make planetary formation nearly impossible, it’s not surprising that the existence of planets in such systems has lacked____explanation. Roman Rafikov and Kedron Silsbee shed light on the subject when they used modeling to determine a complex set of factors that could support planets’ development.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) a discernible

B) a straightforward

C) an inconclusive

D) an unbiased

The following text is adapted from Oscar Wilde’s 1895 play The Importance of Being Earnest.
CECILY: Have we got to part?
ALGERNON: I am afraid so. It’s a very painful parting.
CECILY: It is always painful to part from people whom one has known for a very brief space of time. The absence of old friends one can endure with equanimity. But even a momentary separation from anyone to whom one has just been introduced is almost unbearable.

As used in the text, what does the word “endure” most nearly mean?

A) Regret

B) Persist

C) Tolerate

D) Encourage

Set in a world where science fiction tropes exist as everyday realities, Charles Yu’s 2010 novel How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe traces a time traveler’s quest to find his father. Because the journey at the novel’s center is so____, with the protagonist ricocheting chaotically across time, the reader often wonders whether the pair will ever be reunited.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) haphazard

B) premeditated

C) inspirational

D) fruitless

During a 2014 archaeological dig in Spain, Vicente Lull and his team uncovered the skeleton of a woman from El Algar, an Early Bronze Age society, buried with valuable objects signaling a high position of power. This finding may persuade researchers who have argued that Bronze Age societies were ruled by men to____that women may have also held leadership roles.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) waive

B) refute

C) concedes

D) require

The artisans of the Igun Eronmwon guild in Benin City, Nigeria, typically____the bronze- and brass-casting techniques that have been passed down through their families since the thirteenth century, but they don’t strictly observe every tradition; for example, guild members now use air-conditioning motors instead of handheld bellows to help heat their forges.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) experiment with

B) grapple with

C) improve on

D) adhere to