1

Problem

Cucurbits, a group of plants that includes squash and melons, relied on mastodons to spread their seeds in the Ice Age. When these animals died out, cucurbits faced extinction in turn, having lost their means of seed dispersal. Around this time, however, the ancestors of indigenous peoples in North America began raising cucurbits as crops, thus____the plants’ survival.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

2

Clue

The details and facts help to draw the main idea of the passage.

3

Sumup

Please summarize Problem, Hint, Clue

Choices

5

Choice-A

Choice A " verifying" is incorrect because verifying means confirming the truth or accuracy of something. The sentence is about helping cucurbits survive, not confirming any facts.

Wrong verifying

6

Choice-B

Choice B is incorrect. Although the cucurbit crops themselves were multiplying, or growing in number, as a result of the work of the ancestors of Indigenous peoples in North America, it wouldn’t make sense in context to say that the survival of the plants was multiplying.

Wrong multiplying

7

Choice-C

Choice C is incorrect because, according to the text, in raising cucurbits as crops, the ancestors of Indigenous peoples in North America were attempting to help the plants grow and survive; they weren’t attempting to comfort or free the plants from pain.

Wrong comforting

8

Choice-D

Choice D is the correct answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of cucurbits. In this context, “ensuring” means guaranteeing, or making sure of, the cucurbits’ survival. The text states that cucurbits faced extinction in the past because their means of seed dispersal disappeared, but the ancestors of Indigenous peoples in North America began farming cucurbits around that same time, so the crops were no longer threatened. Therefore, the context supports the idea that the ancestors of Indigenous peoples in North America helped with ensuring the cucurbits’ survival.

Correct ensuring

9

Step

The choice that logically completes the text - ensuring

10

Answer

Option

D

11

Sumup

Please summarize choices