1

Former astronaut John Glenn says that although he doesn’t have a definite idea of when it might happen, he __ that humans will someday need to be able to live in environments other than those found on Earth. This conjecture informs her interest in future research missions to the moon.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) speculates

B) doubts

C) establishes

D) demand

2

Beginning in the 1960s, Navajo Nation legislator Annie Dodge Wauneka continuously worked to promote public health; this __ effort involved traveling throughout the vast Navajo homeland and writing a medical dictionary for speakers of Diné bizaad, the Navajo language.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) offhand

B) impartial

C) mandatory

D) persistent

3

Following the principles of community-based participatory research, tribal nations and research institutions are equal partners in health studies conducted on reservations. A collaboration between the MPH and Montana State University __ this model: tribal citizens worked alongside scientists to design the methodology and continue to assist in data collection.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) eclipses

B) exemplifies

C) circumvents

D) fabricates

4

The Rose plant increases its reproductive success by flowering at the same time as the host plant it has latched onto. In 2020, Jianqiang Wu and his colleagues determined that the tiny rose achieves this __ with its host by absorbing and utilizing a protein the host produces when it is about to flower.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) hibernation

B) prediction

C) synchronization

D) moderation

5

Given that the conditions in binary star systems should make planetary formation nearly impossible, it’s not surprising that the existence of planets in such systems has lacked __ explanation. John and Glenn shed light on the subject when they used modeling to determine a complex set of factors that could support planets’ development.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) a discernible

B) an unbiased

C) an inconclusive

D) a straightforward

6

Blister director Sterlin Harjo __ television’s tendency to situate Native characters in the distant past: This rejection is evident in his series Reservation Dogs, which revolves around teenagers who dress in contemporary styles and whose dialogue is laced with current slang.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) recants

B) foretells

C) repudiates

D) proclaims

7

In 2005, computer scientist Martin von was working on converting printed books into a digital format. She found that some words were distorted enough that digital scanners couldn’t recognize them, but most humans could easily read them. Based on that finding, Von invented a simple security test to keep automated “bots” out of websites. The first version of the CAPTCHA test asked users to type one known word and one of the many words scanners couldn’t recognize. Correct answers proved the users were humans and added data to the book-digitizing project.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) To discuss von invention of CAPTCHA

B) To explain how digital scanners work

C) To call attention to von Ahn’s book-digitizling process

D) To indicate how popular CAPTCHA is

8

Jasmin had no real intimacy with nature, but she had a passion for the appropriate and could be keenly sensitive to a scene that was fitting background of her sensations. The landscape outspread below her seemed an enlargement of her present mood, and she found something of herself in its calmness, its breadth, its long accessible reaches. On the nearer slopes, the sugar maples wavered like pyres of light; lower down was a massing of grey orchards, and here and there, the lingering green of an oak grove.

Which choice best describes the function of the Italic print sentence in the text as a whole?

A) It illustrates an idea that is introduced in the previous sentence.

B) It makes an assertion that the next sentence then expands on.

C) It establishes that a character is experiencing an internal conflict.

D) It creates a detailed image of the physical setting of the scene.

9

A study by a team including finance professor Madhavan suggests that exposure to sunshine during the workday can lead to overly optimistic behavior. Using data spanning from 1997 to 2013 for a set of US companies, the team compared over 27,000 annual earnings forecasts to the actual earnings later reported by those companies. The team found that the greater the exposure to sunshine at work in the two weeks before a manager submitted an earnings forecast, the more the manager’s forecast exceeded what the company earned that year.

Which choice best states the function of the Italic print sentence in the overall structure of the text?

A) To summarize the results of the team’s analysis

B) To explain part of the methodology used in the team’s study

C) To call out a challenge the team faced in conducting its analysis

D) To present a specific example that illustrates the

10

Mother did not spend all her time paying dull [visits] to dull ladies and sitting dully at home waiting for dull ladies to pay [visits] to her. She was almost always there, ready to play with the children, read to them, and help them to do their home lessons. Besides this, she used to write stories for them while they were at school and read them aloud after tea, and she always made up funny pieces of poetry for their birthdays and for other significant occasions.

According to the text, what is true about Mother?

A) She wishes that more ladies would visit her.

B) Birthdays are her favorite special occasion.

C) She creates stories and poems for her children

D) Reading to her children is her favorite activity