1

Researchers studying magnetosensation have determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in the Northern Hemisphere moves in the opposite the direction of Earth’s magnetic field when searching for____in the Southern Hemisphere, the magnetic field points down into the ground, but in the Northern Hemisphere, it points up toward the surface and away from worms’ food sources.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) food,

B) food while

C) food:

D) food;

2

At one week old, the time their critical socialization period begins, wolves can smell but cannot yet see or hear. Domesticated dogs,____can see, hear, and smell by the end of one week. This relative lack of sensory input may help explain why wolves behave so differently around humans than dogs do: from a very young age, wolves are warier and less exploratory.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) in other words,

B) by contrast,

C) for instance

D) accordingly,

3

In 1933, in the midst of World War I, science professor Hopper was recruited by the US military to help the war effort by solving complex equations. Hopper’s subsequent career would involve more than just____as a pioneering computer programmer, Hopper would help usher in the digital age.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) equations. Though,

B) equations, though,

C) equations, though

D) equations though

4

The classic children’s board game Chess and Ladders is a version of an ancient Nepalese game, carroms. In both games, players encounter “good” or “bad” spaces while traveling along a path; landing on one of the good spaces____a player to skip ahead and arrive closer to the end goal.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) allows

B) have allowed

C) are allowing

D) allow

5

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Pterosaurs were flying reptiles that existed millions of years ago. In a 2021 study, Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan analyzed fragments of pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert. She was initially unsure if the bones belonged to juvenile or adult pterosaurs. She used advanced microscope techniques to determine that the bones had few growth lines relative to the bones of fully-grown pterosaurs. She concluded that the bones belonged to juveniles.

The student wants to present the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) In 2021, Chinsamy-Turan studied pterosaur jawbones and was initially unsure if the bones belonged to juveniles or adults.

B) In a 2021 study, Chinsamy-Turan determined that pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert had few growth lines relative to the bones of fully grown pterosaurs and thus belonged to juveniles.

C) Pterosaur jawbones located in the Sahara Desert were the focus of a 2021 study.

D) In a 2021 study, Chinsamy-Turan used advanced microscope techniques to analyze the jawbones of pterosaurs, flying reptiles that existed millions of years ago.

6

Scholarly discussions of gender in Panchantantra comedies often celebrate the rebellion of the playwright’s characters against the rigid expectations____by Twin society. Most of the comedies end in marriage, with characters returning to their socially dictated gender roles after previously defying them, but there are some notable exceptions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) prescribed

B) illustrated

C) interjected

D) committed

7

I went on with my day’s business tranquility, but ever and anon vague suggestions kept wandering across my brain of reasons why I should quit Thornfield and I kept involuntarily framing advertisements and pondering conjectures about new situations: these thoughts I did not think to check; they might germinate and bear fruit if they could.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) To describe Jane’s determination to secure employment outside of Thornfield Hall

B) To emphasize Jane’s loyalty to the people she works for at Thornfield Hall

C) To demonstrate that Jane finds her situation both challenging and deeply fulfilling

D) To convey a contrast between Jane’s outward calmness and the internal restlessness

8

In studying the use of internal stimuli to reduce the itching sensation caused by an allergic histamine response, Jone Ward and colleagues found that while harmless applications of vibration or warming can provide a temporary distraction, such____stimuli actually offer less relief than a stimulus that seems less benign, like a mild electric shock.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) deceptive

B) impractical

C) innocuous

D) novel

9

For the painter, Bister, being____was an important part of the artistic process. Because he paid close attention to all the details of his Harsh neighborhood, Biater’s artwork captured nuances in the beauty and vitality of the Black experience during the Harsh and the Great Migration.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) confident

B) observant

C) critical

D) skeptical

10

Researchers have struggled to pinpoint specific causes gastro, which happens when a person’s diaphragm contracts____. However, neuroscientist Kimchin has found that these uncontrollable contractions may play an important role in helping infants regulate their breathing.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) smoothly

B) strenuously

C) beneficially

D) involuntarily